e02 : Midterm exam - II

num	ready?	description	exam date
e02	true	Midterm exam - II	Thu 05/23 05:00PM

Logistics

- Bring studentID and writing utensils
	- Preferable dark led
	- PLEASE WRITE LEGIBLY
- No electronic devices, No book
- 1 double-sided 8"x11" sheet of handwritten notes 
	- please don't staple them or write on two sheets
	- write your name and PERM# on the top right corner on both sides

Format

- Similar to midterm 1 (more or less)
- Possible types of questions
	- Short answers
	- Explain, describe, define, ...
	- Write some code
	- Fill in the blank
	- True / False (if false, explain)
	- Given code, write the output
- Covers a broad range of topics, but probably not everything.

Topics

Check the book and lecture notes for example problems.

  File IO
    - reading and writing from / to files

  C++ build process
    - Breaking code into multiple files (.cpp , .h)
    - Preprocessing vs. Compilation vs. Linking
    - Makefiles
      - General syntax
      - Conceptual understanding
      - Simple g++ compilation rules

  TestDriven Development
    - Write a test that does ...
    - Given tests, which ones pass
    - Explain Test Driven Development ...

  Arrays
    - Declaration
    - Syntax
    - Reading / writing elements

  Number Conversion
    - Any base to base 10 notation
    - Binary to base 10 / Base 10 to binary
    - Hex to binary / binary to Hex

  Memory concepts and pointers
    - Pointer syntax
    - Arrays as pointers
    - Dereferencing / address of
    - pass by reference vs. pass by value
    - reference variables

  Structs
    - Defining / declaring structures
    - pointers to structs
      - "->" operator vs. dereferencing

  Pointer Arithmetic
    - compute the offset of arrays
    - Segmentation faults
    - passing a pointer by value / reference

  Dynamic memory management
    - stack vs. heap
    - dynamic allocation / deallocation
      - "new" operator
      - "delete" operator
    - Dangling pointers
    - Memory leaks
    
  Linked lists
    - write a linked list structure for ...

Midterm 2 Practice Questions

Makefiles
- What is the purpose?
- What goes into compiling?
- Compiling vs linking
- Three main parts of commands (target, dependencies, command)
- What is the syntax of a makefile?
File IO
- Cin, cout, what are they good for?
- ifstream and ofstream
- How to create a new file?
- How to open a file? How to close?
- How to read from file?
- How to use getline()? Difference from get()?
- How to iterate through entire file
Arrays
- What are they? Why use them?
- Can you mix different types?
- Index of first element – 0 or 1?
- How do you deal with an array’s size? Ex. in a function call
- How do you create an array?
- How to loop through an array?
  - How do you add to an arrary?
  - How to read from an array?
- Bounds of an array
- How do you pass in / work with arrays in functions?
Header files
- What are they? Why do we use them?
- .h files vs .cpp files
- What goes into a .h file? What doesn’t?
- How do you use #include statements to import other files?
Testing/Debugging
- Stubs – what are they?
- What are preconditions / postconditions?
- Debugging Strategies
Counting in new Bases
- What is base 2?
- How to convert base 10 to base 2? And the other way around?
- What is octal? What is hexadecimal?
- What is “positional notation”?
- How do you “group the bits” to make converting easier?
- Why is this all useful? Why not just use base ten?
Pass by value vs reference
- What is the difference? When should we use one over the other?
- Swap value using pass by reference vs value
- What are references?
- What is the & character?
- How do you pass by reference to a function?
- Can references change the variables they are assigned to?
- Can we use pointers instead of references? What is the difference?
Pointers
- What are they? Why useful? What do they hold?
- How do we create a pointer?
- How do we point a pointer to a different variable?
- What is the * operator? What does it do? Why do we use it?
- How are pointers and arrays linked?
- What is pointer arithmetic?
Structures
- What are they? Why do we use them?
- What are some examples?
- How do we access member variables?
- Structs inside structs
- How to access member vars of structs inside structs
Linked lists
- what does the structure look like
- inserting a new node to the empty list
- inserting a new node to the beginning/end of the list
- iterating through a list

Good Luck!